![]() ![]() ![]() Hypnagogic hallucinations, occurring immediately before falling asleep, and hypnopompic hallucinations, occurring during the transition from sleep to wakefulness, are reported in 25% and 18% of the general population, respectively, but decline with age into adulthood. Other related phenomena observed during the developmental period include sleep-related hallucinations. Imaginary Companions and the Children Who Create Them. However, noncompliant imaginary companions exist, and are resistant to the host childs control (Taylor MA. Imaginary companions, sometimes described as hallucination-like phenomena, differ from hallucinations in that they can often be evoked by the child at will (in contrast with the involuntary nature of hallucinations), and may typically function as playing partners associated with positive emotions. There is disagreement as to the age when this distinction can be made, but it is thought that a normal child of average intelligence is fully able to distinguish between fantasy and reality by the age of three (Piaget J. New York: Guilford Press 1997:p 47-67).Īn hallucination is meaningful only after a child has learned to distinguish between his/her internal world and external reality. Clinical Assessment of Malingering and Deception. In addition, hallucinations may be feigned by children and adolescents, often to get themselves out of situations with the law, their parents, peers, and others in authority (Resnick PJ. ![]() True hallucinations must be distinguished from perceptual distortions such as illusions or vivid imaginings, and other phenomena such as obsessions, compulsions, dissociative phenomena, pseudohallucinations, and borderline syndrome of childhood (Lewis M, Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin North Am 1994 3:31-43). ![]()
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